In this paper by employing ANSYS Workbench software and three-dimensional finite element simulation, failure analysis of Hybrid bonded and bolted single and double lap joints with laminated composite adherends subjected to axial, shear and bending loads were performed. In order to select an appropriate and optimized element number, the convergence behavior of single and double lap joints were investigated. Then the failure study of each single and double lap Hybrid composite joints for the three time dependent loading cases were performed. To demonstrate the validity and precision of the presented simulations, the obtained results were compared with the results presented in the available literatures. The results of this research indicated that, in the single lap joint subjected to axial load, the replacement of Hybrid bonded bolted joint instead of adhesive joint leads to significant increase of 56% in the load bearing capacity of the joint.

In this research, with the aim of investigating the effect of temperature on the performance of adhesive, riveted and composite glass/epoxy joints, the factors affecting this joint are studied. After checking the parameters, preparing the surface of the connection area using sandpaper on two levels using sandpaper with grain numbers of 220 and 400 and also controlling the thickness of the adhesive layer on two levels of 0. 13 and 0. 26 mm. The meter and the type of drill used to make holes on both surfaces were selected using a saw drill and a wood drill for rivet connection. The integration of selected parameters of two adhesive and riveted joints is considered in order to investigate the combined joint. In this regard, the experimental design using the Taguchi method has been carried out in the Minitab test design software. The purpose of conducting the experimental part of this research, as mentioned in the previous lines, is to obtain optimal joints according to the defined parameters and levels in order to set a standard and compare with the values obtained after performing the test on the mentioned joints under the effect of 80 It is the degree Celsius applied to the samples for four hours. In order to bring the results closer to the industrial conditions, we connected a number of adhesive, riveted and combined samples using the optimal levels of parameters defined for each of them, based on the zigzag arrangement of four rivets along the width of the area, which

The use of common adhesive methods in metal-composite bonding leads to weak joints that are separated with the least load. The purpose of this research is to investigate the increase in the tensile strength of aluminum metal to glass fibers reinforced with epoxy resin using a new combined method that includes the advantages of both adhesive and mechanical (pinning) methods. In this method, the pins embedded in the structure are used as an interface for load transfer, and the aim is to investigate the amount of strength changes with different types of interface pins. Therefore, the pins are passed through them during the layering of composite fibers and then the curing process is completed. Therefore, a part of the metal structure has penetrated between the warp and weft of the composite and it is expected that the strength will increase. Four connection models without pin (pure adhesive), pin with a diameter of 1. 2 mm, pin with a diameter of 1. 6 mm and pin with a claw with a diameter of 1. 2 mm have been evaluated and the results of the strength of the connections have been compared. Tensile test results have shown that this type of connection has a significant increase in strength compared to the sample without pins, and in three types of connections with different characteristics, 335%, 609%, and 421% increase in strength has been observed, respectively. Also, failure occurred gradually in samples with pins and suddenly in samples without pins.

This research aims to examine the tensile strength of a Hybrid composite laminate reinforced by thin-plies when used as an adherend in bonded single lap joints subjected to high-rate and impact loading. Two different composites, namely Texipreg HS 160 T700 and NTPT-TP415, are employed as the conventional and thin-ply composites, respectively. The study considers three configurations: a conventional composite, a thin-ply, and a Hybrid single lap joint. Numerical models of the configurations are developed to provide insight into failure mechanisms and the initiation of damage. The results indicate a significant increase in tensile strength for the Hybrid joints over the conventional and thin-ply joints, due to the mitigation of stress concentrations. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of Hybrid laminates for improving the performance of composite joints under high-rate loading and impact conditions.

In this paper, the influencing factors on Hybrid adhesive-riveted joints were investigated. For this purpose, first a finite element model was validated based on experimental results, then the effects of influencing material and geometrical factors on the strength of the Hybrid joints were studied using the explicit finite element analyses. The numerical model was able to simulate damage in the adhesive layer and in the rivets. The results showed that in a Hybrid adhesive-riveted joint, it is better to position the rivets where a minimum reduction in the adhesive joint due to the rivet holes obtained i.e. as far as possible from the joint ends. This is in contrary to the riveted joints in which placing the rivets closer to the joint ends resulted higher joint strength. In general, incorporating rivets in an adhesive joint for manufacturing a Hybrid joint can result higher or lower joint strength in comparison with the adhesive joint in different conditions that were studied in this research. It should be noted that in case that a low-strength adhesive is utilized in a Hybrid adhesive-riveted joint then placing the rivets closer to the joint ends can results higher strength for the joint similar to the riveted joints.

This paper presents a finite element investigation into the seismic performance and retrofitting of corner RC beam-column joints with an attached floor slab—a realistic detail often neglected in previous studies. Seven models, including code-compliant, non-ductile, and five advanced retrofitting configurations (external steel cages, bolted steel boxes, externally bonded CFRP, and Hybrid steel–FRP systems), were analyzed under monotonic loading using a calibrated damage plasticity approach. Explicit modeling of the slab–joint interaction enabled a realistic assessment of strength, ductility, and damage control. Results indicate that Hybrid retrofitting strategies, particularly CFRP-BSB and BSAC, significantly enhance both ductility and damage mitigation, matching or surpassing the performance of code-compliant specimens. CFRP-only and CFRP-NSM systems also provided substantial gains in energy dissipation and control of inelastic damage, while the BSB method, despite increased strength, showed greater localization of plastic strains. Analysis of the principal plastic strain index and force–displacement curves highlights the value of integrated composite and steel confinement in restoring seismic resilience to vulnerable joints. These findings provide practical recommendations for the seismic upgrade of existing RC beam-column  joint with floor slabs, emphasizing the importance of considering slab effects, advanced Hybrid retrofitting, and robust damage indices in retrofit design and assessment.

Three different joints, namely adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening and Hybrid joining were considered for the assembly of variable substrates. Two different types of adhesives, namely high modulus acrylic adhesive and low modulus rubber adhesive, were selected for the study. Tensile tests were performed to evaluate the joint strength and failure modes for different joining techniques. Adhesive bonding was found suitable for the acrylic type adhesive. Bolting had no significant effect on the joint strength in the Hybrid joints for the acrylic type adhesive. For the rubber type adhesive, the Hybrid joint shows better performance compared to other types of joints. For rubber type adhesive, bolting in the Hybrid joint significantly improved the load carrying ability of the joint.

Rosa Hybrida is a perennial plant that after cut off head of the stem, lateral buds become free from apical dominance and begin to growth. In each new period of growth, new and young leaves can be formed. The four leaf samples were numbered from apex to base, showing young to mature leaf stages and some biochemical pigment markers changes were studied. The results suggest that during maturation, in addition to morphological differences, some physiological and biochemical markers are change. Data showed age dependent increase in the amount of pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids to reach the stage of leaf maturity to improve the leaf photosynthetic system efficiency. Gradually reducing in content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and flavonoids suggest reduction on oxidative damage.

In this study, the behavior of joints in two sides of steel coat which are screwed to the composite plate, and joints of two sides of compound steel coat (bolted and bonded) to the composite plate has been studied. In the standards, distance of mechanical bolts from the edges and the distance of mechanical bolts from each other have been discussed. Different distances in the range of the standards determined for the distance of screws from edges and screws from each other. In this paper, the screw joints and the combined joints with different terminal distances for screws from the edges are modeled and studied. The results showed the basic effects of the terminal distance of the screw from the connection edges on the resistance and mechanism of break of screw joints. In combined joints, the terminal distance of the screw had trivial effects in the resistance and mechanism of joint break. In addition, overlap length of the connection elements on increase of joint resistance analyzed and studied. To do so, a combined joint with configuration of two steel plates and one CFRP/GFRP composite plates which were joined by two screws and adhesive layers with different overlap were modeled. The results showed the direct relationship between increase of overlap length and increase in resistance of the joint. Finally, a design guide to be used in practice was proposed.

Many tubular joints commonly found in offshore jacket structures are multi-planar. Investigating the effect of loaded out-of-plane braces on the values of the stress concentration factor (SCF) in offshore tubular joints has been the objective of numerous research works. However, due to the diversity of joint types and loading conditions, several quite important cases still exist that have not been studied thoroughly. Among them are internally ring-stiffened multi-planar XT-joints subjected to axial loading. In the present research, data extracted from the stress analysis of 81 finite element (FE) models, verified using experimental test results, was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the chord-side SCFs in multi-planar tubular XT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners subjected to two types of axial loading. Parametric FE study was followed by a set of the nonlinear regression analyses to develop four new SCF parametric equations for the fatigue analysis and design of axially loaded multi-planar XT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners.